--- title: In a race, half a second is a big gap: if Lola runs 60 metres in 12.… — Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is · tree and pragmatics description: In a race, half a second is a big gap: if Lola runs 60 metres in 12.4 seconds and her friend in 11.9, the friend is 0.5 seconds faster. Who acts: second, Lola, friend. A sentence of the lesson «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Alarms, stopwatches and how long a sec…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is/) / 2 # Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is, sentence 2 In a race, half a second is a big gap: if Lola runs 60 metres in 12.4 seconds and her friend in 11.9, the friend is 0.5 seconds faster. **Who acts:** second, Lola, friend · **What happens:** be, run · **To what, where:** big gap, race, 60 metres This is a sentence of the lesson «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (second, Lola, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is.lesson:2 # text = In a race, half a second is a big gap: if Lola runs 60 metres in 12.4 seconds and her friend in 11.9, the friend is 0.5 seconds faster. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 race race NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 half half DET PDT NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind 7 det:predet _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 gap gap NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 13 if if SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 14 Lola Lola PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 runs run VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 16 60 60 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 12.4 12.4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=20:cc 22 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 11.9 11.9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:obl 26 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 30 0.5 0.5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl:unmarked _ _ 32 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 parataxis _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | half second | a big gap | | a race | | | tree rules | | 2 | **run** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | Lola | 60 metres | | | second | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Trajectory | | 3 | **is** | present | the friend | | | | second | fast *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Alarms, stopwatches and how long a sec…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is/1/) - next →: [Alarms, stopwatches and how long a sec…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is/)