---
title: The trick is the same as "how long until": start at the earlier time… — How long since? Counting back · tree and pragmatics
description: The trick is the same as "how long until": start at the earlier time and count up to now, jumping to the o'clock first. Who acts: trick. A sentence of the lesson «How long since? Counting back» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# How long since? Counting back, sentence 1

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The trick is the same as "how long until": start at the earlier time and count up to now, jumping to the o'clock first.

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**Who acts:** trick · **What happens:** be, start, count up, jump

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How long since? Counting back» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson:1
# text = The trick is the same as "how long until": start at the earlier time and count up to now, jumping to the o'clock first.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
10	until	until	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	advcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	advmod	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the trick |  |  |  |  | long, same *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **count up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to now=Experiencer |
| 4 | **jump** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the o'clock *result*; first *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to o'clock=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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