---
title: "A minute ago" usually just means recently; from 8:03 to 8:10 is rea… — How long since? Counting back · tree and pragmatics
description: "A minute ago" usually just means recently; from 8:03 to 8:10 is really 7 minutes. A sentence of the lesson «How long since? Counting back» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# How long since? Counting back, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"A minute ago" usually just means recently; from 8:03 to 8:10 is really 7 minutes.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** mean, be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «How long since? Counting back» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson:16
# text = "A minute ago" usually just means recently; from 8:03 to 8:10 is really 7 minutes.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nsubj:outer
4	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
12	8:03	8:03	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	8:10	8:10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	really	really	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | ago, recently, usually *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | from 8:03 7 minutes | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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