--- title: Words people use: "ages" and "donkey's years" mean a long time, "cup… — How long since? Counting back · tree and pragmatics description: Words people use: "ages" and "donkey's years" mean a long time, "cuppa" is a cup of tea, "gasping" means desperate for a drink, "kip" means sleep, "our kid" means my brother or sister (Manchester) and "mardy" means grumpy (north and Midlands of England). Who acts: people, cup, kip, kid. A sentence o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/108-how-long-since-counting-back/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [How long since? Counting back](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/108-how-long-since-counting-back/) / 21 # How long since? Counting back, sentence 21 Words people use: "ages" and "donkey's years" mean a long time, "cuppa" is a cup of tea, "gasping" means desperate for a drink, "kip" means sleep, "our kid" means my brother or sister (Manchester) and "mardy" means grumpy (north and Midlands of England). **Who acts:** people, cup, kip, kid, mardy · **What happens:** use, mean, be · **To what, where:** ages, cup, sleep, brother This is a sentence of the lesson «How long since? Counting back» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, cup, kip, kid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson:21 # text = Words people use: "ages" and "donkey's years" mean a long time, "cuppa" is a cup of tea, "gasping" means desperate for a drink, "kip" means sleep, "our kid" means my brother or sister (Manchester) and "mardy" means grumpy (north and Midlands of England). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 dislocated _ _ 2 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 ages age NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 10 donkey donkey NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:compound 11 's 's PART POS _ 10 case _ _ 12 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct 14 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 cuppa cuppa NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 cup cup NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 tea tea NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 29 gasping gasping NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:appos 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 31 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 32 desperate desperate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ _ 33 for for ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 drink drink NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 38 kip kip NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:appos 39 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 40 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 parataxis _ _ 41 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 43 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 44 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 kid kid NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 46 " " PUNCT '' _ 45 punct _ _ 47 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 48 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obj _ _ 50 or or CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 51 sister sister NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 conj _ _ 52 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 53 punct _ _ 53 Manchester Manchester PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 appos _ _ 54 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 53 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 56 " " PUNCT `` _ 57 punct _ _ 57 mardy mardy NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 nsubj _ _ 58 " " PUNCT '' _ 57 punct _ _ 59 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 conj _ _ 60 grumpy grumpy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 xcomp _ _ 61 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 62 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=64:punct 62 north north ADV RB _ 64 advmod _ _ 63 and and CCONJ CC _ 64 cc _ _ 64 Midlands midland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 60 appos _ _ 65 of of ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 66 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 64 nmod _ _ 67 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 64 punct _ _ 68 . . PUNCT . _ 47 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | people | ages and donkey's years | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Patient | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | time | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** | present | | a cup | | | | of tea | tree rules | | 4 | **mean** | present | a cup | | | | | desperate *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **mean** | present | kip | sleep | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleep=Topic | | 6 | **mean** | present | our kid | my brother or sister | | | | Words *dislocated* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Topic | | 7 | **mean** | present | mardy | | | | | grumpy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:108-how-long-since-counting-back.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How long since? Counting back, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/108-how-long-since-counting-back/19/) - next →: ["Five more minutes" and other waiting…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/109-five-more-minutes-and-waiting-games/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/108-how-long-since-counting-back/)