---
title: This year minus your birth year gives your age after this year's bir… — Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps" · tree and pragmatics
description: This year minus your birth year gives your age after this year's birthday; before your birthday you are one year younger. Who acts: year, you. A sentence of the lesson «Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps"» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps", sentence 18

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This year minus your birth year gives your age after this year's birthday; before your birthday you are one year younger.

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**Who acts:** year, you · **What happens:** give, be · **To what, where:** age

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (year, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson:18
# text = This year minus your birth year gives your age after this year's birthday; before your birthday you are one year younger.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	minus	minus	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
16	before	before	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl:unmarked	_	_
23	younger	younger	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	parataxis	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | this year minus your birth year | your age |  |  | after this year's birthday |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  | before your birthday; year | younger *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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