--- title: This year minus your birth year gives the age you reach on this year… — Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps" · tree and pragmatics description: This year minus your birth year gives the age you reach on this year's birthday: Charlie, born in December 2016, is 2026 − 2016 = 10 only after his December birthday; before that he is still 9. Who acts: year, you, Charlie. A sentence of the lesson «Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps"» of the worl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps/) / 7 # Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps", sentence 7 This year minus your birth year gives the age you reach on this year's birthday: Charlie, born in December 2016, is 2026 − 2016 = 10 only after his December birthday; before that he is still 9. **Who acts:** year, you, Charlie · **What happens:** give, reach, bear, be · **To what, where:** age, birthday, Charlie, 2026 This is a sentence of the lesson «Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (year, you, Charlie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson:7 # text = This year minus your birth year gives the age you reach on this year's birthday: Charlie, born in December 2016, is 2026 − 2016 = 10 only after his December birthday; before that he is still 9. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det _ _ 2 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 minus minus ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 birth birth NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 7 gives give VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 reach reach VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 14 det _ _ 14 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 's 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 birthday birthday NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Charlie Charlie PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 appos _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 acl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 December December PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 2016 2016 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nmod:unmarked _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 26 2026 2026 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 27 − − SYM SYM _ 28 case _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=28:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 28 2016 2016 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nmod _ _ 29 = = SYM SYM _ 30 case _ _ 30 10 10 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nmod _ _ 31 only only ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 32 after after ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 December December PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:nmod:unmarked 35 birthday birthday NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 42 punct _ _ 37 before before ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 38 that that SCONJ IN _ 37 fixed _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 41 still still ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 42 9 9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present | this year minus your birth year | the age | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme | | 2 | **reach** | present | you | the age *not said here* | | this year's birthday | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent age=Theme | | 3 | **bear** | participle | | Charlie *not said here* | | | december | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **is a** | present | | 2026 | | | | − 2016; = 10 after Charlie's December birthday | tree rules | | 5 | **is** | present | Charlie | | | | before 9; still | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps", 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps/5/) - next →: [Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps", 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps/)