---
title: In Latin, septem means 7, octo means 8, novem means 9 and decem mean… — How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar… · tree and pragmatics
description: In Latin, septem means 7, octo means 8, novem means 9 and decem means 10. Who acts: septem, octo, novem, decem. A sentence of the lesson «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Latin, septem means 7, octo means 8, novem means 9 and decem means 10.

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**Who acts:** septem, octo, novem, decem · **What happens:** mean · **To what, where:** 7, Latin, 8, 9, 10 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (septem, octo, novem, decem), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made.lesson:12
# text = In Latin, septem means 7, octo means 8, novem means 9 and decem means 10.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 116-how-our-calendar-was-made.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	septem	septem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=6:punct
8	octo	octo	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	9	nsubj	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
10	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	novem	novem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
14	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	decem	decem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | septem | 7 |  | Latin |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | octo | 8 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | present | novem | 9 |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 9=Topic |
| 4 | **mean** | present | decem | 10 |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 10=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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