--- title: Early risers are "larks", like the birds that sing at dawn, and peop… — Day and night, shadows and sundials · tree and pragmatics description: Early risers are "larks", like the birds that sing at dawn, and people who stay up late are "night owls"; Australians say "up at sparrow's" for up at first light. Who acts: Early risers, birds, people, Australians. A sentence of the lesson «Day and night, shadows and sundials» of the world course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Day and night, shadows and sundials](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/) / 9 # Day and night, shadows and sundials, sentence 9 Early risers are "larks", like the birds that sing at dawn, and people who stay up late are "night owls"; Australians say "up at sparrow's" for up at first light. **Who acts:** Early risers, birds, people, Australians · **What happens:** be, sing, stay up, say · **To what, where:** larks, night owls · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Day and night, shadows and sundials» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Early risers, birds, people, Australians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:118-day-night-shadows-sundials.lesson:9 # text = Early risers are "larks", like the birds that sing at dawn, and people who stay up late are "night owls"; Australians say "up at sparrow's" for up at first light. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 118-day-night-shadows-sundials.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 risers riser NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 5 larks lark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 parataxis _ _ 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 8 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 sing sing VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 at at ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 18 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 stay stay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 up up ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:RP:_ 21 late late ADV RB Degree=Pos 19 advmod _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 24 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 owls owl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 Australians Australian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct 31 up up ADV RB _ 29 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:RP:_ 32 at at ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 sparrow sparrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:obl 34 's 's PART POS _ 33 case _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 up up ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 38 at at ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 40 amod _ _ 40 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Early risers | larks and night owls | | | | like the birds and people | tree rules | | 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | the birds and people | | | | dawn | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **stay up** | present | people | | | | | late *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Early risers *not said here* | night owls | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Australians | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:118-day-night-shadows-sundials.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Day and night, shadows and sundials, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/8/) - next →: [Day and night, shadows and sundials, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/)