---
title: The Moon makes no light of its own; it shines because sunlight falls… — The Moon's month and the year round the Sun · tree and pragmatics
description: The Moon makes no light of its own; it shines because sunlight falls on it. Who acts: Moon, sunlight. A sentence of the lesson «The Moon's month and the year round the Sun» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Moon's month and the year round the Sun, sentence 14

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The Moon makes no light of its own; it shines because sunlight falls on it.

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**Who acts:** Moon, sunlight · **What happens:** make, shine, fall · **To what, where:** light, Moon

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Moon's month and the year round the Sun» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon, sunlight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:119-moon-month-and-year.lesson:14
# text = The Moon makes no light of its own; it shines because sunlight falls on it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 119-moon-month-and-year.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	because	because	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	mark	_	_
13	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the Moon | no light of Moon's own |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Product |
| 2 | **shine** | present | Moon |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fall** | present | sunlight |  |  | Moon |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on it=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:119-moon-month-and-year.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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