---
title: In January Sydney is 11 hours ahead of London, so 9 am in London is… — Time zones: why it's night in Sydney when it's d… · tree and pragmatics
description: In January Sydney is 11 hours ahead of London, so 9 am in London is 8 pm in Sydney. Who acts: Sydney, 9. A sentence of the lesson «Time zones: why it's night in Sydney when it's day in London» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/120-time-zones/13/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Time zones: why it's night in Sydney w…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/120-time-zones/) / 13

# Time zones: why it's night in Sydney when it's day in London, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In January Sydney is 11 hours ahead of London, so 9 am in London is 8 pm in Sydney.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sydney, 9 · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** 11 hours, 8, Sydney

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Time zones: why it's night in Sydney when it's day in London» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sydney, 9), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:120-time-zones.lesson:13
# text = In January Sydney is 11 hours ahead of London, so 9 am in London is 8 pm in Sydney.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 120-time-zones.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	parataxis	_	_
7	ahead	ahead	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nsubj	_	_
13	am	a.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
18	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:unmarked	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sydney | 11 hours |  |  | january | ahead London | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | 9 in London | 8 |  | Sydney |  | pm *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:120-time-zones.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Time zones: why it's night in Sydney w…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/120-time-zones/12/)
- next →: [Time zones: why it's night in Sydney w…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/120-time-zones/14/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/120-time-zones/)