--- title: Anything that changes at a steady speed can be a clock: a shadow sli… — Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, ca… · tree and pragmatics description: Anything that changes at a steady speed can be a clock: a shadow sliding round, water dripping out, a candle burning down, sand trickling through a glass. Who acts: Anything, shadow, water, candle. A sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/) / 0 # Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 0 Anything that changes at a steady speed can be a clock: a shadow sliding round, water dripping out, a candle burning down, sand trickling through a glass. **Who acts:** Anything, shadow, water, candle, sand · **What happens:** change, be, slide, drip out, burn down, trickle · **To what, where:** steady speed, clock, glass This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Anything, shadow, water, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:0 # text = Anything that changes at a steady speed can be a clock: a shadow sliding round, water dripping out, a candle burning down, sand trickling through a glass. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 11 nsubj _ _ 2 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 3 nsubj _ _ 3 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _ 4 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 steady steady ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 9 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 11 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 clock clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 appos _ _ 15 sliding slide VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 acl _ _ 16 round round ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 19 dripping drip VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 conj _ _ 20 out out ADP RP _ 19 compound:prt _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 candle candle NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 24 burning burn VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 acl _ _ 25 down down ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 28 trickling trickle VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 acl _ _ 29 through through ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | | | | a steady speed | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | can | Anything | a clock | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **slide** | gerund | a shadow and a candle and sand *not said here* | | | | | round *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **drip out** | gerund | water | | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | | 5 | **burn down** | gerund | a candle and sand *not said here* | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **trickle** | gerund | sand *not said here* | | | a glass | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through glass=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The date line and summer time: clocks…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/121-date-line-and-summer-time/21/) - next →: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/)