--- title: The Greeks called the water clock a clepsydra, meaning "water thief"… — Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, ca… · tree and pragmatics description: The Greeks called the water clock a clepsydra, meaning "water thief", and used it to give each speaker in court the same time. Who acts: Greeks. A sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/) / 15 # Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 15 The Greeks called the water clock a clepsydra, meaning "water thief", and used it to give each speaker in court the same time. **Who acts:** Greeks · **What happens:** call, mean, use, give · **To what, where:** water clock, water thief, clock, speaker, court · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Greeks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:15 # text = The Greeks called the water clock a clepsydra, meaning "water thief", and used it to give each speaker in court the same time. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Greeks Greek PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 clock clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 clepsydra clepsydra NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 xcomp _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 meaning mean VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 12 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 thief thief NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:advcl 21 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 22 det _ _ 22 speaker speaker NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:obj 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | past | the Greeks | the water clock | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent clock=Recipient | | 2 | **mean** | gerund | the Greeks *not said here* | water thief | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Topic | | 3 | **use** | past | the Greeks *not said here* | clock | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Theme clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **give** | to-infinitive | the Greeks *not said here* | each speaker | | court | time | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/14/) - next →: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/)