--- title: Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; King Alfred's candles ar… — Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, ca… · tree and pragmatics description: Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; King Alfred's candles are said to have burned 4 hours each, so 6 candles lasted a whole day. Who acts: Candle clocks, 6 candles. A sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/) / 16 # Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 16 Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; King Alfred's candles are said to have burned 4 hours each, so 6 candles lasted a whole day. **Who acts:** Candle clocks, 6 candles · **What happens:** have, say, burn, last · **To what, where:** hour marks, candles · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Candle clocks, 6 candles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:16 # text = Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; King Alfred's candles are said to have burned 4 hours each, so 6 candles lasted a whole day. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Candle candle NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 clocks clock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 down down ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 10 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ _ 11 Alfred Alfred PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 flat _ _ 12 's 's PART POS _ 10 case _ _ 13 candles candle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 14 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 16 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 17 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 18 aux _ _ 18 burned burn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 15 xcomp _ _ 19 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:obj 21 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 18 advmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 24 6 6 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 25 candles candle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 lasted last VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl:unmarked _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Candle clocks | hour marks | | | | down the side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | King's candles | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **burn** | to-infinitive · perfect | | | | | hour | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **last** | past | 6 candles | | | | day | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/15/) - next →: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/)