--- title: Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; the story says King Alfr… — Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, ca… · tree and pragmatics description: Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; the story says King Alfred of England used candles that each burned 4 hours, kept in a lantern so draughts couldn't make them burn faster. Who acts: Candle clocks, story, candles, draughts. A sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/) / 5 # Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 5 Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; the story says King Alfred of England used candles that each burned 4 hours, kept in a lantern so draughts couldn't make them burn faster. **Who acts:** Candle clocks, story, candles, draughts, candle · **What happens:** have, say, use, burn, keep, not make · **To what, where:** hour marks, candles, lantern, candle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Candle clocks, story, candles, draughts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:5 # text = Candle clocks had hour marks down the side; the story says King Alfred of England used candles that each burned 4 hours, kept in a lantern so draughts couldn't make them burn faster. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Candle candle NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 clocks clock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 down down ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 Alfred Alfred PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 ccomp _ _ 18 candles candle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 19 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 20 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 21 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:det 21 burned burn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj:pass 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 acl _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 lantern lantern NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 so so SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 30 draughts draught NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 31 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 33 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 burn burn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 xcomp _ _ 36 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 35 advmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Candle clocks | hour marks | | | | down the side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the story | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **use** | past | | candles | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Patient | | 4 | **burn** | past | candles | | | | hour | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **keep** | participle | | candles *not said here* | | a lantern | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in lantern=Location | | 6 | **not** **make** | could | draughts | candle | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **burn** | infinitive | candle *not said here* | | | | | fast *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/4/) - next →: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/)