---
title: The universe is about 13.8 billion years old, which is 13.8 million… — Decades, centuries and millennia · tree and pragmatics
description: The universe is about 13.8 billion years old, which is 13.8 million millennia, so huge that scientists measure it in millions and billions of years. Who acts: universe, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Decades, centuries and millennia» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its depen
---

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# Decades, centuries and millennia, sentence 9

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The universe is about 13.8 billion years old, which is 13.8 million millennia, so huge that scientists measure it in millions and billions of years.

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**Who acts:** universe, scientists · **What happens:** be, measure · **To what, where:** million millennia, universe, millions

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Decades, centuries and millennia» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (universe, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:124-decades-centuries-millennia.lesson:9
# text = The universe is about 13.8 billion years old, which is 13.8 million millennia, so huge that scientists measure it in millions and billions of years.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 124-decades-centuries-millennia.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	13.8	13.8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	13.8	13.8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
13	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	millennia	millennia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	measure	measure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	billions	billion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the universe |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | million millennia |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **measure** | infinitive | scientists | universe |  | millions and billions of years |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme it=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:124-decades-centuries-millennia.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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