--- title: Clouds form when moist air rises and cools; when the droplets grow h… — Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms · tree and pragmatics description: Clouds form when moist air rises and cools; when the droplets grow heavy they fall as rain, and when the cloud is cold enough the water falls as snow or hail. Who acts: Clouds, moist air, droplets, cloud. A sentence of the lesson «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and st…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/) / 4 # Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms, sentence 4 Clouds form when moist air rises and cools; when the droplets grow heavy they fall as rain, and when the cloud is cold enough the water falls as snow or hail. **Who acts:** Clouds, moist air, droplets, cloud, water · **What happens:** form, rise, cool, grow, fall, be This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Clouds, moist air, droplets, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:015-weather.lesson:4 # text = Clouds form when moist air rises and cools; when the droplets grow heavy they fall as rain, and when the cloud is cold enough the water falls as snow or hail. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 015-weather.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Clouds cloud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 form form VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 6 advmod _ _ 4 moist moist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 droplets droplet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 14 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 17 as as ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 21 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 advcl _ _ 26 enough enough ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:advmod 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 falls fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 30 as as ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 32 or or CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 hail hail NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **form** | present | Clouds | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **rise** | present | moist air | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **cool** | present | moist air *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **grow** | present | the droplets | | | | | heavy *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **fall** | present | droplets *= droplet* | | | | | as rain | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | the cloud | | | | | cold, enough *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **fall** | present | the water | | | | | as snow or hail | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:015-weather.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and st…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/3/) - next →: [Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and st…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/)