--- title: Near the equator the Sun's rays strike the ground most directly, so… — Climate zones · tree and pragmatics description: Near the equator the Sun's rays strike the ground most directly, so it is hot all year; near the poles the rays come in at a low slant and spread their heat thin, so it is cold. Who acts: rays, ground, Sun. A sentence of the lesson «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/16-climate-zones/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Climate zones](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/16-climate-zones/) / 1 # Climate zones, sentence 1 Near the equator the Sun's rays strike the ground most directly, so it is hot all year; near the poles the rays come in at a low slant and spread their heat thin, so it is cold. **Who acts:** rays, ground, Sun · **What happens:** strike, be, come in, spread, ray, heat · **To what, where:** ground, equator, poles, heat This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rays, ground, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:016-climate-zones.lesson:1 # text = Near the equator the Sun's rays strike the ground most directly, so it is hot all year; near the poles the rays come in at a low slant and spread their heat thin, so it is cold. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 016-climate-zones.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Near near ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 equator equator NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 's 's PART POS _ 5 case _ _ 7 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 strike strike VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 12 advmod _ _ 12 directly directly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 18 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 19 det _ _ 19 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl:unmarked _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 near near ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 poles pole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 27 in in ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:RP:_ 28 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 slant slant NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 38 so so ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 39 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 41 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **strike** | present | the Sun's rays | the ground | | the equator | | directly *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Patient | | 2 | **is** | present | ground | | | | year | hot *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **come in** | present | the rays | | | the poles | | at a low slant | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pole=Location | | 4 | **spread** | present | the rays *not said here* | rays's heat | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location heat=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | ground | | | | | cold *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **ray** | | the Sun | | | | | | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | | 7 | **heat** | | rays *= ray* | | | | | | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:016-climate-zones.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Climate zones, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/16-climate-zones/0/) - next →: [Climate zones, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/16-climate-zones/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/16-climate-zones/)