---
title: Losing or changing one small word can change a whole meaning; grown-… — The rumour that grows · tree and pragmatics
description: Losing or changing one small word can change a whole meaning; grown-ups call this taking things out of context. Who acts: Losing, grown ups. A sentence of the lesson «The rumour that grows» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The rumour that grows, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing or changing one small word can change a whole meaning; grown-ups call this taking things out of context.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Losing, grown ups · **What happens:** lose, change, call, take · **To what, where:** one small word, whole meaning, this, things, context · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The rumour that grows» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Losing, grown ups), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:167-the-rumour-that-grows.lesson:18
# text = Losing or changing one small word can change a whole meaning; grown-ups call this taking things out of context.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 167-the-rumour-that-grows.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	grown	grow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	_
15	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
17	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obj	_	_
18	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	advcl	_	_
19	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	context	context	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **change** | gerund |  | one small word |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 3 | **change** | can | Losing | a whole meaning |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient |
| 4 | **call** | present | grown ups | this |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient |
| 5 | **take** | gerund | grown ups *not said here* | things |  | context |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent thing=Theme out context=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:167-the-rumour-that-grows.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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