---
title: Saying someone cheated without proof is unfair; if nobody saw it, dr… — The rumour that grows · tree and pragmatics
description: Saying someone cheated without proof is unfair; if nobody saw it, drop it. Who acts: someone, Saying, nobody, proof. A sentence of the lesson «The rumour that grows» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The rumour that grows, sentence 25

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying someone cheated without proof is unfair; if nobody saw it, drop it.

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**Who acts:** someone, Saying, nobody, proof · **What happens:** say, cheat, be, see, drop · **To what, where:** proof · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The rumour that grows» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (someone, Saying, nobody, proof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:167-the-rumour-that-grows.lesson:25
# text = Saying someone cheated without proof is unfair; if nobody saw it, drop it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 167-the-rumour-that-grows.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	11	nsubj	_	_
11	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	drop	drop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cheat** | past | someone |  |  |  |  | without proof | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | Saying |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | nobody | proof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **drop** | infinitive | proof *not said here* | proof |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:167-the-rumour-that-grows.lesson:25`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [The rumour that grows, 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/167-the-rumour-that-grows/24/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/167-the-rumour-that-grows/)