---
title: Air takes up space: push an upturned glass straight down into water… — Air and why we need it · tree and pragmatics
description: Air takes up space: push an upturned glass straight down into water and the air trapped inside keeps the water out of most of the glass. Who acts: Air. A sentence of the lesson «Air and why we need it» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Air and why we need it, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air takes up space: push an upturned glass straight down into water and the air trapped inside keeps the water out of most of the glass.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Air · **What happens:** take up, push, upturn, trap, keep · **To what, where:** space, upturned glass, water, air, most

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Air and why we need it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:017-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide.lesson:14
# text = Air takes up space: push an upturned glass straight down into water and the air trapped inside keeps the water out of most of the glass.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 017-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	trapped	trap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | present | Air | space |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Theme |
| 2 | **push** | infinitive |  | a upturned glass |  | water |  | down *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent glass=Theme into water=Destination |
| 3 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **trap** | participle |  | the air *not said here* |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **keep** | present | the air | the water |  | most of the glass |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme out most=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:017-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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