---
title: Not all birds can fly: penguins, ostriches, emus and kiwis are birds… — Some, all, none and "not all" · tree and pragmatics
description: Not all birds can fly: penguins, ostriches, emus and kiwis are birds that can't, but all birds have feathers. Who acts: birds, kiwis. A sentence of the lesson «Some, all, none and "not all"» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Some, all, none and "not all", sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not all birds can fly: penguins, ostriches, emus and kiwis are birds that can't, but all birds have feathers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** birds, kiwis · **What happens:** not fly, be, have · **To what, where:** birds, feathers

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Some, all, none and "not all"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, kiwis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:185-some-all-none-and-not-all.lesson:15
# text = Not all birds can fly: penguins, ostriches, emus and kiwis are birds that can't, but all birds have feathers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 185-some-all-none-and-not-all.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
7	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	dep	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	emus	emu	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	kiwis	kiwi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
24	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fly** | can | all birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | kiwis | birds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | all birds | feathers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:185-some-all-none-and-not-all.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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