--- title: In the Second World War Britain spread the idea that carrots helped… — "How do you know?" · tree and pragmatics description: In the Second World War Britain spread the idea that carrots helped pilots see at night, partly to hide its new radar (a way of finding enemy planes in the dark with radio waves); carrots have vitamin A, which helps keep eyes healthy, but they don't give night vision. Who acts: Britain, carrots, pil --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / ["How do you know?"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/) / 12 # "How do you know?", sentence 12 In the Second World War Britain spread the idea that carrots helped pilots see at night, partly to hide its new radar (a way of finding enemy planes in the dark with radio waves); carrots have vitamin A, which helps keep eyes healthy, but they don't give night vision. **Who acts:** Britain, carrots, pilots, way, vitamin · **What happens:** spread, help, see, hide, find, have · **To what, where:** Second World War, idea, new radar, enemy planes, dark, vitamin This is a sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Britain, carrots, pilots, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:12 # text = In the Second World War Britain spread the idea that carrots helped pilots see at night, partly to hide its new radar (a way of finding enemy planes in the dark with radio waves); carrots have vitamin A, which helps keep eyes healthy, but they don't give night vision. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 186-how-do-you-know.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:det 3 Second Second ADJ NNP Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 5 amod _ _ 4 World World PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 War War PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:compound 6 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 idea idea NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 that that SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 11 carrots carrot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl _ _ 13 pilots pilot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 xcomp _ _ 15 at at ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 partly partly ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 hide hide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 advcl _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 22 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 radar radar NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 24 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 appos _ _ 27 of of SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 28 finding find VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 acl _ _ 29 enemy enemy NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 30 planes plane NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 34 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 radio radio NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nmod _ _ 37 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 26 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 38 ; ; PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 carrots carrot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 40 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 41 vitamin vitamin NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 42 A A NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 flat _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 45 nsubj _ _ 45 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 acl:relcl _ _ 46 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 xcomp _ _ 47 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obj _ _ 48 healthy healthy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 xcomp _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 50 but but CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 51 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 52 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 53 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 54 advmod _ _ 54 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 parataxis _ _ 55 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 compound _ _ 56 vision vision NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obj _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | past | Britain | the Second World War | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme | | 2 | **help** | past | carrots | the idea *not said here* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent idea=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 3 | **see** | infinitive | pilots | | | | night | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **hide** | to-infinitive | pilots *not said here* | idea's new radar | | | | partly *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radar=Patient | | 5 | **find** | gerund | a way *not said here* | enemy planes | | the dark with radio waves | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Topic | | 6 | **have** | present | carrots | vitamin | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vitamin=Patient | | 7 | **help** | present | vitamin | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 8 | **keep** | infinitive | vitamin *not said here* | eyes | | | | healthy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | | 9 | **not** **give** | present · do-support | carrots *= carrot* | night vision | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vision=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: ["How do you know?", 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/11/) - next →: ["How do you know?", 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/)