--- title: Weak answers are "I just know", "everyone says it", "it was on a pos… — "How do you know?" · tree and pragmatics description: Weak answers are "I just know", "everyone says it", "it was on a poster" or "it's an old saying". Who acts: I, everyone, road. A sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / ["How do you know?"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/) / 2 # "How do you know?", sentence 2 Weak answers are "I just know", "everyone says it", "it was on a poster" or "it's an old saying". **Who acts:** I, everyone, road · **What happens:** be, know, say · **To what, where:** Weak answers, road, poster, old saying · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, everyone, road), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:2 # text = Weak answers are "I just know", "everyone says it", "it was on a poster" or "it's an old saying". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 186-how-do-you-know.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3 1 Weak weak ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 answers answer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 cop _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 5 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 just just ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 11 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 12 nsubj _ _ 12 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nsubj 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 19 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 poster poster NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 26 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 27 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 saying saying NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: changed polarity=neg, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** *speech: assert* | present | | Weak answers | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **know** *in a quote* | present | I | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | everyone | road | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | past | road | | | a poster or a old saying | | | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | road | a old saying | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: ["How do you know?", 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/1/) - next →: ["How do you know?", 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/)