--- title: Big words like "all", "every", "never" and "nobody" make big claims,… — One counterexample is enough · tree and pragmatics description: Big words like "all", "every", "never" and "nobody" make big claims, and big claims are fragile: one clear example the other way, a counterexample, knocks them down. Who acts: Big words, big claims, one clear example. A sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mov --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [One counterexample is enough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/) / 0 # One counterexample is enough, sentence 0 Big words like "all", "every", "never" and "nobody" make big claims, and big claims are fragile: one clear example the other way, a counterexample, knocks them down. **Who acts:** Big words, big claims, one clear example · **What happens:** not make, be, way, knock down · **To what, where:** big claims, claims This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big words, big claims, one clear example), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:0 # text = Big words like "all", "every", "never" and "nobody" make big claims, and big claims are fragile: one clear example the other way, a counterexample, knocks them down. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 3 like like ADP IN _ 19 discourse _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 5 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 2 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:advmod 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=5:punct 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 9 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 5 conj _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 13 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 17 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 13 conj _ _ 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 17 punct _ _ 19 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 claims claim NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 24 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 claims claim NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 fragile fragile ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 acl _ _ 28 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 29 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 30 clear clear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 counterexample counterexample NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 knocks knock VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:advcl 40 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ _ 41 down down ADP RP _ 39 compound:prt _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **make** | present | Big words all | big claims | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset claim=Product | | 2 | **is** | present | big claims | big claims *not said here* | | | | fragile *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **way** | | one clear example | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **knock down** | present | | claims *= claim* | | | | | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: ["How do you know?", 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/20/) - next →: [One counterexample is enough, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/)