---
title: One clear example that breaks an "all", "never" or "nobody" claim sh… — One counterexample is enough · tree and pragmatics
description: One clear example that breaks an "all", "never" or "nobody" claim shows the claim is false. Who acts: One clear example, claim. A sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [One counterexample is enough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/) / 7

# One counterexample is enough, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One clear example that breaks an "all", "never" or "nobody" claim shows the claim is false.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** One clear example, claim · **What happens:** break, show, be · **To what, where:** all claim · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One clear example, claim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:7
# text = One clear example that breaks an "all", "never" or "nobody" claim shows the claim is false.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	all	all	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
12	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	conj	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
16	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	conj	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
19	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	ccomp	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | One clear example | all claim |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer claim=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | present | One clear example |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the claim |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [One counterexample is enough, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/6/)
- next →: [One counterexample is enough, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/)