--- title: Whales breathe air, feed their babies milk and are mammals, not fish. — Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being… · tree and pragmatics description: Whales breathe air, feed their babies milk and are mammals, not fish. Who acts: Whales. A sentence of the lesson «Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Saying "I was wrong" and laughing with…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/) / 13 # Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel, sentence 13 Whales breathe air, feed their babies milk and are mammals, not fish. **Who acts:** Whales · **What happens:** breathe, feed, be · **To what, where:** air, babies milk, mammals This is a sentence of the lesson «Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel.lesson:13 # text = Whales breathe air, feed their babies milk and are mammals, not fish. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 Whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 feed feed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 6 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 compound _ _ 8 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=5:conj 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 14 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breathe** | present | Whales | air | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 2 | **feed** | present | Whales *not said here* | idea's babies milk | | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | present | Whales *not said here* | mammals | | | | fish *nmod* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Saying "I was wrong" and laughing with…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/12/) - next →: [Saying "I was wrong" and laughing with…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/)