--- title: «Innocent until proven guilty» means the person accused does not hav… — A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets… · tree and pragmatics description: «Innocent until proven guilty» means the person accused does not have to prove they are innocent: the accusers must prove they are guilty. Who acts: Innocent, person, England, accusers. A sentence of the lesson «A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong» of the world course of Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [A fair trial, and the Wonderland court…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/) / 10 # A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong, sentence 10 «Innocent until proven guilty» means the person accused does not have to prove they are innocent: the accusers must prove they are guilty. **Who acts:** Innocent, person, England, accusers · **What happens:** prove, mean, accuse, not have, be · **To what, where:** person · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Innocent, person, England, accusers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson:10 # text = «Innocent until proven guilty» means the person accused does not have to prove they are innocent: the accusers must prove they are guilty. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 « « PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Innocent innocent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 nsubj _ _ 3 until until ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 proven prove VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 guilty guilty NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 6 » » PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 10 accused accuse VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 11 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 13 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 ccomp _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 prove prove VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 18 innocent innocent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 ccomp _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 accusers accuser NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 prove prove VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 parataxis _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 26 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 ccomp _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | Innocent | | | | until proven guilty | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **accuse** | participle | | the person *not said here* | | | | | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | the person | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **prove** | to-infinitive | the person *not said here* | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | present | England | | | | | innocent *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **prove** | must | the accusers | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** | present | England | | | | | guilty *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [A fair trial, and the Wonderland court…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/9/) - next →: [A fair trial, and the Wonderland court…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/)