--- title: A witness is someone who tells the court what they saw or know, and… — A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets… · tree and pragmatics description: A witness is someone who tells the court what they saw or know, and they must tell the truth; threatening a witness is a crime. Who acts: witness, Witnesses, threatening. A sentence of the lesson «A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong» of the world course of Mova's primary sc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [A fair trial, and the Wonderland court…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/) / 12 # A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong, sentence 12 A witness is someone who tells the court what they saw or know, and they must tell the truth; threatening a witness is a crime. **Who acts:** witness, Witnesses, threatening · **What happens:** be, tell, see, know, threaten · **To what, where:** someone, court, truth, witness, crime · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (witness, Witnesses, threatening), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson:12 # text = A witness is someone who tells the court what they saw or know, and they must tell the truth; threatening a witness is a crime. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 0 root _ _ 5 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:obj 9 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 11 obj _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:acl:relcl 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 threatening threaten VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 csubj _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 crime crime NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 ccomp _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a witness | someone | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | | | the court | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent court=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **see** | past | Witnesses *= witness* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | | 4 | **know** | present | Witnesses *= witness* *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | must | Witnesses *= witness* | the truth | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient | | 6 | **threaten** | gerund | | a witness | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus witness=Experiencer | | 7 | **is a** | present | threatening | a crime | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [A fair trial, and the Wonderland court…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/11/) - next →: [A fair trial, and the Wonderland court…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/)