--- title: The seasons and the tilt of the axis — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «The seasons and the tilt of the axis», a lesson of the world course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: The Earth travels around the Sun once a year, and its axis is not upright but tilted, always leaning the same way in space. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / The seasons and the tilt of the axis # The seasons and the tilt of the axis Lesson 2 of the world course of Mova's primary school: 19 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/0/) — The Earth travels around the Sun once a year, and its axis is not upright but tilted, always leaning the same way in space. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/1/) — For part of the year the northern half leans towards the Sun: there the Sun climbs high, days are long, and it is summer. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/2/) — Half a year later the northern half leans away: the Sun stays low, days are short, and it is winter, while the southern half has summer. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/3/) — Low sunlight is weak because it spreads over more ground, just as a torch held at a slant makes a bigger, dimmer patch than a torch pointing straight down. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/4/) — The seasons do not come from the Earth being nearer to or farther from the Sun: the Earth is in fact closest to the Sun in early January, in the northern winter. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/5/) — The Earth goes around the Sun once in about 365 days, which is one year. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/6/) — The Earth's axis is tilted by about 23 and a half degrees. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/7/) — The axis keeps pointing the same way in space all year round. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/8/) — When the northern half of the Earth leans towards the Sun, it has summer. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/10/) — In summer the Sun rises higher in the sky and days are longer than nights. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/11/) — In winter the Sun stays low in the sky and nights are longer than days. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/12/) — Sunlight that falls at a slant spreads over more ground, so it warms each piece of ground less. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/13/) — The seasons are not caused by the distance between the Earth and the Sun. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/14/) — The Earth is closest to the Sun in early January. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/15/) — Europe, Ukraine and Norway are in the northern half of the Earth; Australia and Cape Town in South Africa are in the southern half. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/16/) — When the Sun is low in the sky, shadows are long; when it is high, shadows are short. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/17/) — The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/18/) — Near the equator the Sun is always high, so it is warm all year and the seasons are weak. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/19/) — Near the poles the Sun does not set for weeks in summer and does not rise for weeks in winter. - ← previous: [Day and night](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/1-day-and-night/) - next →: [The Moon and its phases](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/) - ↑ back to [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/)