---
title: Europe, Ukraine and Norway are in the northern half of the Earth; Au… — The seasons and the tilt of the axis · tree and pragmatics
description: Europe, Ukraine and Norway are in the northern half of the Earth; Australia and Cape Town in South Africa are in the southern half. Who acts: Europe, Australia. A sentence of the lesson «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The seasons and the tilt of the axis, sentence 15

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Europe, Ukraine and Norway are in the northern half of the Earth; Australia and Cape Town in South Africa are in the southern half.

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**Who acts:** Europe, Australia · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** northern half, southern half

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europe, Australia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson:15
# text = Europe, Ukraine and Norway are in the northern half of the Earth; Australia and Cape Town in South Africa are in the southern half.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	26	parataxis	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
15	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	Cape	cape	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Town	town	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	0	root	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Europe and Ukraine and Norway |  |  | the northern half |  | of the Earth | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Australia and Cape Town in South Africa |  |  | the southern half |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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