--- title: Low sunlight is weak because it spreads over more ground, just as a… — The seasons and the tilt of the axis · tree and pragmatics description: Low sunlight is weak because it spreads over more ground, just as a torch held at a slant makes a bigger, dimmer patch than a torch pointing straight down. Who acts: Low sunlight, sunlight, torch. A sentence of the lesson «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [The seasons and the tilt of the axis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/) / 3 # The seasons and the tilt of the axis, sentence 3 Low sunlight is weak because it spreads over more ground, just as a torch held at a slant makes a bigger, dimmer patch than a torch pointing straight down. **Who acts:** Low sunlight, sunlight, torch · **What happens:** be, spread, hold, make, point · **To what, where:** more ground, torch, slant, bigger dimmer patch This is a sentence of the lesson «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Low sunlight, sunlight, torch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson:3 # text = Low sunlight is weak because it spreads over more ground, just as a torch held at a slant makes a bigger, dimmer patch than a torch pointing straight down. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 weak weak ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 because because SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 8 over over ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 amod _ _ 10 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:obj 11 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 12 just just ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 13 as as SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 torch torch NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 16 held hold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl _ _ 17 at at ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 slant slant NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:obl 20 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:det 22 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 25 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:xcomp 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 dimmer dimmer ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 25 amod _ _ 25 patch patch NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 26 than than ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 torch torch NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:obl 29 pointing point VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 28 acl _ _ 30 straight straight ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 down down ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Low sunlight | | | | | weak *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **spread** | present | sunlight | more ground | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **hold** | participle | | a torch *not said here* | | a slant | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at slant=Location | | 4 | **make** | present | a torch | a bigger dimmer patch | | | | than a torch | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset patch=Product | | 5 | **point** | gerund | a torch *not said here* | | | | | down *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The seasons and the tilt of the axis, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/2/) - next →: [The seasons and the tilt of the axis, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/)