---
title: Because ice floats, a pond freezes from the top down. — Clever reasoning about water and matter · tree and pragmatics
description: Because ice floats, a pond freezes from the top down. Who acts: ice, pond. A sentence of the lesson «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Clever reasoning about water and matter, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because ice floats, a pond freezes from the top down.

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**Who acts:** ice, pond · **What happens:** float, freeze · **To what, where:** top

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice, pond), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson:1
# text = Because ice floats, a pond freezes from the top down.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present | ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | a pond |  |  | the top |  | down *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Mixtures and how to separate them, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/19-mixtures-and-separating/15/)
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