--- title: Salt is spread on icy roads because salty water freezes at a lower t… — Clever reasoning about water and matter · tree and pragmatics description: Salt is spread on icy roads because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water; the salt dissolves in the thin wet layer on the ice and makes it melt even a few degrees below 0 °C. Who acts: salty water, salt, water. A sentence of the lesson «Clever reasoning about water and matter» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clever reasoning about water and matter](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/) / 4 # Clever reasoning about water and matter, sentence 4 Salt is spread on icy roads because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water; the salt dissolves in the thin wet layer on the ice and makes it melt even a few degrees below 0 °C. **Who acts:** salty water, salt, water · **What happens:** spread, freeze, dissolve, make, melt · **To what, where:** Salt, icy roads, lower temperature, thin wet layer, water, few degrees This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (salty water, salt, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson:4 # text = Salt is spread on icy roads because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water; the salt dissolves in the thin wet layer on the ice and makes it melt even a few degrees below 0 °C. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 icy icy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 salty salty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 freezes freeze VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 11 at at ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 14 amod _ _ 14 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 15 than than ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 pure pure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 dissolves dissolve VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 27 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 melt melt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 34 even even ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=33:obj 38 below below ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 0 0 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 nummod _ _ 40 ° ° NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 C. c. NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | present · passive | | Salt | | icy roads | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on road=Destination | | 2 | **freeze** | present | salty water | | | a lower temperature than pure water | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **dissolve** | present | the salt | | | the thin wet layer on the ice | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **make** | present | the salt *not said here* | water | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **melt** | infinitive | water *not said here* | a few degrees | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient c.=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clever reasoning about water and matter, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/3/) - next →: [Clever reasoning about water and matter, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/)