---
title: A leaf takes in carbon dioxide gas from the air through tiny holes,… — How plants make their food · tree and pragmatics
description: A leaf takes in carbon dioxide gas from the air through tiny holes, and water comes up from the roots through the stem. Who acts: leaf, water. A sentence of the lesson «How plants make their food» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# How plants make their food, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A leaf takes in carbon dioxide gas from the air through tiny holes, and water comes up from the roots through the stem.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** leaf, water · **What happens:** take in, come up · **To what, where:** dioxide gas, air, roots

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants make their food» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaf, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:022-photosynthesis.lesson:1
# text = A leaf takes in carbon dioxide gas from the air through tiny holes, and water comes up from the roots through the stem.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 022-photosynthesis.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	up	up	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
22	through	through	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take in** | present | a leaf | dioxide gas |  | the air |  | through tiny holes | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent gas=Theme from air=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **come up** | present | water |  |  | the roots |  | through the stem | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from root=Initial\_Location through stem=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:022-photosynthesis.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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