---
title: Young amphibians usually live in water and breathe with gills; adult… — Groups of animals and how to tell them apart · tree and pragmatics
description: Young amphibians usually live in water and breathe with gills; adults usually breathe with lungs and through their skin. Who acts: Young amphibians, adults. A sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a
---

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# Groups of animals and how to tell them apart, sentence 12

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Young amphibians usually live in water and breathe with gills; adults usually breathe with lungs and through their skin.

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**Who acts:** Young amphibians, adults · **What happens:** live, breathe · **To what, where:** water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young amphibians, adults), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:12
# text = Young amphibians usually live in water and breathe with gills; adults usually breathe with lungs and through their skin.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 024-animal-groups.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	amphibians	amphibian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Young amphibians |  |  | water |  | usually *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |
| 2 | **breathe** | present | Young amphibians *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with gills | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **breathe** | present | adults |  |  |  |  | with lungs and amphibians's skin; usually *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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