---
title: Insects and spiders have no backbone; they have a hard outer skeleton. — Groups of animals and how to tell them apart · tree and pragmatics
description: Insects and spiders have no backbone; they have a hard outer skeleton. Who acts: Insects. A sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Groups of animals and how to tell them apart, sentence 15

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Insects and spiders have no backbone; they have a hard outer skeleton.

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**Who acts:** Insects · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** backbone, hard outer skeleton

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:15
# text = Insects and spiders have no backbone; they have a hard outer skeleton.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 024-animal-groups.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	backbone	backbone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:Degree=Pos
12	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Insects and spiders | no backbone |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backbone=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | insects *= insect* | a hard outer skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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