---
title: Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and most lay leathery eggs on land; am… — Groups of animals and how to tell them apart · tree and pragmatics
description: Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and most lay leathery eggs on land; amphibians have smooth, moist skin, lay soft eggs in water and usually start life in water before living on land. Who acts: Reptiles, amphibians. A sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world cou
---

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# Groups of animals and how to tell them apart, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and most lay leathery eggs on land; amphibians have smooth, moist skin, lay soft eggs in water and usually start life in water before living on land.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Reptiles, amphibians · **What happens:** have, lay, start, live · **To what, where:** dry scaly skin, leathery eggs, land, smooth moist skin, soft eggs, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reptiles, amphibians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:2
# text = Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and most lay leathery eggs on land; amphibians have smooth, moist skin, lay soft eggs in water and usually start life in water before living on land.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 024-animal-groups.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	scaly	scaly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	9	advmod	_	_
9	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	amphibians	amphibian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
17	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=22:conj
30	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:nmod
33	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
34	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Reptiles | dry scaly skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 2 | **lay** | present | Reptiles *not said here* | leathery eggs |  | land |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on land=Destination |
| 3 | **have** | present | amphibians | smooth moist skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 4 | **lay** | present | amphibians *not said here* | soft eggs |  | water |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in water=Destination |
| 5 | **start** | present | amphibians *not said here* | life |  | water |  | usually *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Eventuality |
| 6 | **live** | gerund | amphibians *not said here* |  |  | land |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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