---
title: Every food chain starts with a producer, a plant or alga that makes… — Food chains and food webs · tree and pragmatics
description: Every food chain starts with a producer, a plant or alga that makes its own food from sunlight; the animals that eat are consumers. Who acts: food chain, plant, animals. A sentence of the lesson «Food chains and food webs» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Food chains and food webs, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every food chain starts with a producer, a plant or alga that makes its own food from sunlight; the animals that eat are consumers.

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**Who acts:** food chain, plant, animals · **What happens:** start, make, eat, be · **To what, where:** own food, sunlight, consumers

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains and food webs» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food chain, plant, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:026-food-chains-and-webs.lesson:1
# text = Every food chain starts with a producer, a plant or alga that makes its own food from sunlight; the animals that eat are consumers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 026-food-chains-and-webs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	producer	producer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	alga	alga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	consumers	consumer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | every food chain |  |  |  |  | with a producer | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with producer=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **make** | present | a plant or alga | chain's own food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material |
| 3 | **eat** | present | the animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the animals | consumers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:026-food-chains-and-webs.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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