---
title: A food chain shows how food and energy pass from one living thing to… — Food chains and food webs · tree and pragmatics
description: A food chain shows how food and energy pass from one living thing to another. Who acts: food chain, food. A sentence of the lesson «Food chains and food webs» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Food chains and food webs, sentence 5

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A food chain shows how food and energy pass from one living thing to another.

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**Who acts:** food chain, food · **What happens:** show, pass · **To what, where:** one living thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains and food webs» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food chain, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:026-food-chains-and-webs.lesson:5
# text = A food chain shows how food and energy pass from one living thing to another.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 026-food-chains-and-webs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=6:cc
8	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a food chain |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pass** | present | food and energy |  |  | one living thing |  | to another | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from thing=Initial\_Location to another=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:026-food-chains-and-webs.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Food chains and food webs, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/26-food-chains-and-webs/4/)
- next →: [Food chains and food webs, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/26-food-chains-and-webs/6/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/26-food-chains-and-webs/)