---
title: Spines lose much less water than leaves and also protect the cactus… — Habitats and adaptations · tree and pragmatics
description: Spines lose much less water than leaves and also protect the cactus from animals. Who acts: Spines. A sentence of the lesson «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Habitats and adaptations, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spines lose much less water than leaves and also protect the cactus from animals.

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**Who acts:** Spines · **What happens:** lose, protect · **To what, where:** less water, cactus

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson:11
# text = Spines lose much less water than leaves and also protect the cactus from animals.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Spines	spine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=2:cc
9	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cactus	cactus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Spines | less water |  |  |  | than leaves | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality |
| 2 | **protect** | present | Spines *not said here* | the cactus |  |  |  | from animals | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent cactus=Beneficiary from animal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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