---
title: Fish have gills to take oxygen from water and a smooth shape to swim… — Habitats and adaptations · tree and pragmatics
description: Fish have gills to take oxygen from water and a smooth shape to swim easily. Who acts: Fish. A sentence of the lesson «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Habitats and adaptations, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish have gills to take oxygen from water and a smooth shape to swim easily.

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**Who acts:** Fish · **What happens:** have, take, swim · **To what, where:** gills, oxygen, water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson:16
# text = Fish have gills to take oxygen from water and a smooth shape to swim easily.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	_
15	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Fish | gills |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive | Fish *not said here* | oxygen |  | water and a smooth shape |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from water=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **swim** | to-infinitive | Fish *not said here* |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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