---
title: Winter is hard for animals: it is cold, days are short, and food lik… — Migration and hibernation · tree and pragmatics
description: Winter is hard for animals: it is cold, days are short, and food like insects, fruit and fresh leaves becomes scarce, though seeds and nuts can still be found. Who acts: Winter, it, days, food. A sentence of the lesson «Migration and hibernation» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its
---

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# Migration and hibernation, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Winter is hard for animals: it is cold, days are short, and food like insects, fruit and fresh leaves becomes scarce, though seeds and nuts can still be found.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Winter, it, days, food · **What happens:** be, become, find · **To what, where:** seeds

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration and hibernation» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter, it, days, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:028-migration-and-hibernation.lesson:0
# text = Winter is hard for animals: it is cold, days are short, and food like insects, fruit and fresh leaves becomes scarce, though seeds and nuts can still be found.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 028-migration-and-hibernation.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
24	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	scarce	scarce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
27	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
28	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	_
31	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
32	still	still	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Winter |  |  |  |  | for animals; hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | days |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **become** | present | food like insects and fruit and fresh leaves |  |  |  |  | scarce *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **find** | can · passive |  | seeds and nuts |  |  | still |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:028-migration-and-hibernation.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Habitats and adaptations, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/17/)
- next →: [Migration and hibernation, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/28-migration-and-hibernation/1/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/28-migration-and-hibernation/)