---
title: Penguins are birds: they have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs, bu… — Classifying unusual animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Penguins are birds: they have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs, but use their wings as flippers. Who acts: Penguins, dolphins. A sentence of the lesson «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Classifying unusual animals, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penguins are birds: they have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs, but use their wings as flippers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Penguins, dolphins · **What happens:** be, have, lay, shell, use · **To what, where:** birds, feathers, shelled eggs, wings

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penguins, dolphins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:029-classifying-unusual-animals.lesson:8
# text = Penguins are birds: they have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs, but use their wings as flippers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 029-classifying-unusual-animals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	_
12	shelled	shell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	flippers	flipper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Penguins | birds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | dolphins *= dolphin* | feathers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 3 | **lay** | present | dolphins *= dolphin* *not said here* | shelled eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |
| 4 | **shell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **use** | present | dolphins *= dolphin* *not said here* | dolphins's wings |  |  |  | as flippers | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent wing=Duration as flipper=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:029-classifying-unusual-animals.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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