--- title: So each step of a food chain has much less energy than the one below… — Balance in a food web · tree and pragmatics description: So each step of a food chain has much less energy than the one below: there must be far more grass than zebras, and far more zebras than lions, which is why big predators are always rare. Who acts: step, more zebras. A sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Balance in a food web](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/) / 1 # Balance in a food web, sentence 1 So each step of a food chain has much less energy than the one below: there must be far more grass than zebras, and far more zebras than lions, which is why big predators are always rare. **Who acts:** step, more zebras · **What happens:** have, be, step · **To what, where:** less energy, more grass, food chain This is a sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (step, more zebras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:1 # text = So each step of a food chain has much less energy than the one below: there must be far more grass than zebras, and far more zebras than lions, which is why big predators are always rare. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 So so ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 2 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 3 det _ _ 3 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 8 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 much much ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 amod _ _ 11 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 12 than than ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 below below ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 17 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 19 expl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:expl 18 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:aux 19 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 22 cop _ _ 20 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 21 advmod _ _ 21 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 22 amod _ _ 22 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 23 than than ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 zebras zebra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=22:cc 27 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 28 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:advmod 28 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 29 amod _ _ 29 zebras zebra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 30 than than ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 33 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 40 nsubj _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 35 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 40 advmod _ _ 36 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 always always ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 rare rare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 conj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | each step of a food chain | less energy | | | | than the one | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | infinitive | each step of a food chain *not said here* | more grass and more zebras than lions | | | | than zebras | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | more zebras than lions | | | | | always, rare *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **step** | | | a food chain | | | | | nom step «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Balance in a food web, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/0/) - next →: [Balance in a food web, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/)