--- title: Sea otters eat sea urchins, and sea urchins eat kelp seaweed; where… — Balance in a food web · tree and pragmatics description: Sea otters eat sea urchins, and sea urchins eat kelp seaweed; where otters were hunted away, the urchins multiplied and ate whole kelp forests, and all the fish living in the kelp lost their home. Who acts: Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, fish. A sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Balance in a food web](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/) / 3 # Balance in a food web, sentence 3 Sea otters eat sea urchins, and sea urchins eat kelp seaweed; where otters were hunted away, the urchins multiplied and ate whole kelp forests, and all the fish living in the kelp lost their home. **Who acts:** Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, fish · **What happens:** eat, hunt away, multiply, live, lose · **To what, where:** sea urchins, kelp seaweed, otters, whole kelp forests, kelp, home This is a sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:3 # text = Sea otters eat sea urchins, and sea urchins eat kelp seaweed; where otters were hunted away, the urchins multiplied and ate whole kelp forests, and all the fish living in the kelp lost their home. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 5 urchins urchin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 urchins urchin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 kelp kelp NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 seaweed seaweed NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 14 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 17 advmod _ _ 15 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 hunted hunt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 advcl _ _ 18 away away ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 urchins urchin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:advcl 22 multiplied multiply VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 25 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 kelp kelp NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 30 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 32 det:predet _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 33 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 acl _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 kelp kelp NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 38 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present | Sea otters | sea urchins | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient | | 2 | **eat** | present | sea urchins | kelp seaweed | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seaweed=Patient | | 3 | **hunt away** | past · passive | | otters | | | | away *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **multiply** | past | the urchins | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **eat** | past | the urchins *not said here* | whole kelp forests | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient | | 6 | **live** | gerund | all fish *not said here* | | | the kelp | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in kelp=Location | | 7 | **lose** | past | all fish | fish's home | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Balance in a food web, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/2/) - next →: [Balance in a food web, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/)