---
title: Germs are living things too small to see without a microscope. — Germs, hygiene and vaccines · tree and pragmatics
description: Germs are living things too small to see without a microscope. Who acts: Germs. A sentence of the lesson «Germs, hygiene and vaccines» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Germs, hygiene and vaccines, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germs are living things too small to see without a microscope.

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**Who acts:** Germs · **What happens:** be, see · **To what, where:** living things

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, hygiene and vaccines» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:037-germs-hygiene-vaccines.lesson:0
# text = Germs are living things too small to see without a microscope.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 037-germs-hygiene-vaccines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Germs | living things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Germs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without a microscope | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:037-germs-hygiene-vaccines.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Healthy food, water and vitamins, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/36-healthy-food/19/)
- next →: [Germs, hygiene and vaccines, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/37-germs-hygiene-vaccines/1/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/37-germs-hygiene-vaccines/)