---
title: Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria, but they do not work a… — Germs, hygiene and vaccines · tree and pragmatics
description: Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria, but they do not work against viruses such as the cold or the flu. Who acts: Antibiotics, medicines. A sentence of the lesson «Germs, hygiene and vaccines» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Germs, hygiene and vaccines, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria, but they do not work against viruses such as the cold or the flu.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Antibiotics, medicines · **What happens:** be, kill, not work · **To what, where:** medicines, bacteria

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, hygiene and vaccines» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antibiotics, medicines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:037-germs-hygiene-vaccines.lesson:8
# text = Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria, but they do not work against viruses such as the cold or the flu.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 037-germs-hygiene-vaccines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	kill	kill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Antibiotics | medicines |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **kill** | present | medicines | bacteria |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **work** | present · do-support | Antibiotics *= antibiotic* |  |  |  |  | against viruses as the cold or the flu | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:037-germs-hygiene-vaccines.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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