---
title: Shivering is the muscles working quickly to make heat. — Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics · tree and pragmatics
description: Shivering is the muscles working quickly to make heat. Who acts: muscles. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics, sentence 12

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Shivering is the muscles working quickly to make heat.

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**Who acts:** muscles · **What happens:** shiver, be, work, make · **To what, where:** muscles, heat

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muscles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson:12
# text = Shivering is the muscles working quickly to make heat.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shiver** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the muscles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** | gerund | the muscles *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | the muscles *not said here* | heat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset heat=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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