--- title: Light travels about a million times faster than sound, so we see lig… — Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics · tree and pragmatics description: Light travels about a million times faster than sound, so we see lightning almost at once but hear the thunder later; sound takes about 3 seconds to go one kilometre (about 5 seconds to go one mile), so counting the seconds tells you how far away the storm is. Who acts: Light, we, sound, 5 seconds. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Thinking like a scientist: the body an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/) / 7 # Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics, sentence 7 Light travels about a million times faster than sound, so we see lightning almost at once but hear the thunder later; sound takes about 3 seconds to go one kilometre (about 5 seconds to go one mile), so counting the seconds tells you how far away the storm is. **Who acts:** Light, we, sound, 5 seconds, counting, storm · **What happens:** travel, see, hear, take, go, count · **To what, where:** lightning, thunder, one kilometre, one mile, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, we, sound, 5 seconds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson:7 # text = Light travels about a million times faster than sound, so we see lightning almost at once but hear the thunder later; sound takes about 3 seconds to go one kilometre (about 5 seconds to go one mile), so counting the seconds tells you how far away the storm is. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:unmarked _ _ 7 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 2 advmod _ _ 8 than than ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 12 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 14 lightning lightning NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 almost almost ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 16 at at ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 13 advmod _ _ 18 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 hear hear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 thunder thunder NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 19 advmod _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 26 about about ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 acl _ _ 31 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 nummod _ _ 32 kilometre kilometre NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 36 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=38:punct 34 about about ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 5 5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 36 nummod _ _ 36 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 parataxis _ _ 39 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 40 mile mile NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 38 punct _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=44:punct 43 so so ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 counting count VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 47 csubj _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=47:nsubj 47 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 48 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 47 iobj _ _ 49 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 50 advmod _ _ 50 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 51 advmod _ _ 51 away away ADV RB _ 47 ccomp _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 storm storm NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ _ 54 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **travel** | present | Light | | | | | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **see** | present | we | lightning | | | | once *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lightning=Stimulus | | 3 | **hear** | present | we *not said here* | the thunder | | | | late *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus | | 4 | **take** | present | sound | | | | second | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **go** | to-infinitive | sound *not said here* | one kilometre | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **go** | to-infinitive | 5 seconds | one mile | | | | | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mile=Theme | | 7 | **count** | gerund | | | | | second | | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | | 8 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | counting | | you | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | | 9 | **is** | present | the storm | | | | | away, far *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Thinking like a scientist: the body an…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/6/) - next →: [Thinking like a scientist: the body an…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/)