---
title: Europe and Asia are joined by land, and the Ural Mountains are usual… — Continents and oceans · tree and pragmatics
description: Europe and Asia are joined by land, and the Ural Mountains are usually taken as the border between them. Who acts: land. A sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Continents and oceans, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Europe and Asia are joined by land, and the Ural Mountains are usually taken as the border between them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** land · **What happens:** join, take · **To what, where:** Europe, Ural Mountains

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:042-continents-and-oceans.lesson:7
# text = Europe and Asia are joined by land, and the Ural Mountains are usually taken as the border between them.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 042-continents-and-oceans.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Ural	Ural	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Mountains	Mountain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	between	between	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · passive | land | Europe and Asia |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | present · passive |  | the Ural Mountains |  |  |  | as the border between Asia; usually *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as border=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:042-continents-and-oceans.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Continents and oceans, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/42-continents-and-oceans/5/)
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